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ISC System Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Sample Questions (Q463-Q468):

NEW QUESTION # 463
Which of the following does not apply to system-generated passwords?

A. Passwords are more vulnerable to brute force and dictionary attacks.
B. Passwords are harder to guess for attackers.
C. If the password-generating algorithm gets to be known, the entire system is in jeopardy.
D. Passwords are harder to remember for users.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Section: Access Control
Explanation/Reference:
Users tend to choose easier to remember passwords. System-generated passwords can provide stronger, harder to guess passwords. Since they are based on rules provided by the administrator, they can include combinations of uppercase/lowercase letters, numbers and special characters, making them less vulnerable to brute force and dictionary attacks. One danger is that they are also harder to remember for users, who will tend to write them down, making them more vulnerable to anyone having access to the user's desk. Another danger with system-generated passwords is that if the password-generating algorithm gets to be known, the entire system is in jeopardy.
Source: RUSSEL, Deborah & GANGEMI, G.T. Sr., Computer Security Basics, O'Reilly, July 1992 (page 64).

NEW QUESTION # 464
Which of the following choices describe a Challenge-response tokens generation?

A. A special hardware device that is used to generate ramdom text in a cryptography system.
B. A workstation or system that generates a random challenge string that the user enters into the token when prompted along with the proper PIN.
C. A workstation or system that generates a random login id that the user enters when prompted along with the proper PIN.
D. The authentication mechanism in the workstation or system does not determine if the owner should be authenticated.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Challenge-response tokens are:
- A workstation or system generates a random challenge string and the owner enters the string into the token along with the proper PIN.
- The token generates a response that is then entered into the workstation or system.
- The authentication mechanism in the workstation or system then determines if the owner should be authenticated.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 37.
Also: HARRIS, Shon, All-In-One CISSP Certification Exam Guide, McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2002, chapter 4:
Access Control (pages 136-137).

NEW QUESTION # 465
What is NOT an authentication method within IKE and IPsec?

A. CHAP
B. certificate based authentication
C. Public key authentication
D. Pre shared key

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
CHAP is not used within IPSEC or IKE. CHAP is an authentication scheme used by Point to Point Protocol (PPP) servers to validate the identity of remote clients. CHAP periodically verifies the identity of the client by using a three-way handshake. This happens at the time of establishing the initial link (LCP), and may happen again at any time afterwards. The verification is based on a shared secret (such as the client user's password).
After the completion of the link establishment phase, the authenticator sends a "challenge" message to the peer.
The peer responds with a value calculated using a one-way hash function on the challenge and the secret combined.
The authenticator checks the response against its own calculation of the expected hash value. If the values match, the authenticator acknowledges the authentication; otherwise it should terminate the connection.
At random intervals the authenticator sends a new challenge to the peer and repeats steps 1 through 3.
The following were incorrect answers:
Pre Shared Keys
In cryptography, a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used. To build a key from shared secret, the key derivation function should be used. Such systems almost always use symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. The term PSK is used in WiFi encryption such as WEP or WPA, where both the wireless access points (AP) and all clients share the same key.
The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it; some system designs require that such keys be in a particular format. It can be a password like 'bret13i', a passphrase like 'Idaho hung gear id gene', or a hexadecimal string like '65E4 E556 8622 EEE1'. The secret is used by all systems involved in the cryptographic processes used to secure the traffic between the systems.
Certificat Based Authentication
The most common form of trusted authentication between parties in the wide world of Web commerce is the exchange of certificates. A certificate is a digital document that at a minimum includes a Distinguished Name (DN) and an associated public key.
The certificate is digitally signed by a trusted third party known as the Certificate Authority (CA). The CA vouches for the authenticity of the certificate holder. Each principal in the transaction presents certificate as its credentials. The recipient then validates the certificate's signature against its cache of known and trusted CA certificates. A "personal
certificate" identifies an end user in a transaction; a "server certificate" identifies the service provider.
Generally, certificate formats follow the X.509 Version 3 standard. X.509 is part of the Open Systems Interconnect
(OSI) X.500 specification.
Public Key Authentication
Public key authentication is an alternative means of identifying yourself to a login server, instead of typing a password. It is more secure and more flexible, but more difficult to set up.
In conventional password authentication, you prove you are who you claim to be by proving that you know the correct password. The only way to prove you know the password is to tell the server what you think the password is. This means that if the server has been hacked, or spoofed an attacker can learn your password.
Public key authentication solves this problem. You generate a key pair, consisting of a public key (which everybody is allowed to know) and a private key (which you keep secret and do not give to anybody). The private key is able to generate signatures. A signature created using your private key cannot be forged by anybody who does not have a copy of that private key; but anybody who has your public key can verify that a particular signature is genuine.
So you generate a key pair on your own computer, and you copy the public key to the server. Then, when the server asks you to prove who you are, you can generate a signature using your private key. The server can verify that signature (since it has your public key) and allow you to log in. Now if the server is hacked or spoofed, the attacker does not gain your private key or password; they only gain one signature. And signatures cannot be re-used, so they have gained nothing.
There is a problem with this: if your private key is stored unprotected on your own computer, then anybody who gains access to your computer will be able to generate signatures as if they were you. So they will be able to log in to your server under your account. For this reason, your private key is usually encrypted when it is stored on your local machine, using a passphrase of your choice. In order to generate a signature, you must decrypt the key, so you have to type your passphrase.
References:
RFC 2409: The Internet Key Exchange (IKE); DORASWAMY, Naganand & HARKINS, Dan Ipsec: The New Security Standard for the Internet, Intranets, and Virtual Private Networks, 1999, Prentice Hall PTR; SMITH, Richard E.
Internet Cryptography, 1997, Addison-Wesley Pub Co.; HARRIS, Shon, All-In-One CISSP Certification Exam Guide, 2001, McGraw-Hill/Osborne, page 467.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-shared_key
http://www.home.umk.pl/~mgw/LDAP/RS.C4.JUN.97.pdf
http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.55/htmldoc/Chapter8.html#S8.1

NEW QUESTION # 466
Which of the following statements pertaining to block ciphers is incorrect?

A. It operates on fixed-size blocks of plaintext.
B. Some Block ciphers can operate internally as a stream.
C. It is more suitable for software than hardware implementations.
D. Plain text is encrypted with a public key and decrypted with a private key.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Block ciphers do not use public cryptography (private and public keys). Block ciphers is a type of symmetric-key encryption algorithm that transforms a fixed-size block of plaintext (unencrypted text) data into a block of ciphertext (encrypted text) data of the same length. They are appropriate for software implementations and can operate internally as a stream. See more info below about DES in Output Feedback Mode (OFB), which makes use internally of a stream cipher.
The output feedback (OFB) mode makes a block cipher into a synchronous stream cipher. It generates keystream blocks, which are then XORed with the plaintext blocks to get the ciphertext. Just as with other stream ciphers, flipping a bit in the ciphertext produces a flipped bit in the plaintext at the same location. This property allows many error correcting codes to function normally even when applied before encryption.

NEW QUESTION # 467
Controlling access to information systems and associated networks is necessary for the preservation of their:

A. authenticity,confidentiality, integrity and availability.
B. Authenticity, confidentiality and availability
C. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
D. integrity and availability.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Controlling access to information systems and associated networks is necessary for the preservation of their confidentiality, integrity and availability.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 31.

NEW QUESTION # 468
......

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